Causes: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround the joints. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors may play a role in its development.
Symptoms: Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, warmth, and redness, particularly in the small joints of the hands and feet. Rheumatoid arthritis can also affect other organs and systems in the body, leading to fatigue, fever, weight loss, and systemic inflammation.
Treatment: Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, prevent joint damage, and improve overall quality of life. Treatment options may include:
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Medications like methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine to suppress the immune system and slow down the progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
• Biologic agents: Targeted therapies that block specific immune pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.
• Corticosteroids: Oral or injectable corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms during flare-ups.
• Physical therapy: Exercises to improve joint flexibility, strength, and function, as well as reduce pain and stiffness.
• Surgery: In severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis, joint replacement surgery may be recommended to replace damaged joints with artificial implants.